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Sunday, November 25, 2012

IBHL-2 BW 027

IBHL-2 BW 027
Distinguish between bilateral and multilateral trade agreements
Between 2 and between many countries
Explain and give an example of each of the six stages of economic integration described by Bela Balassa
Preferential trading areas
A trading bloc that gives preferential access to certain products from certain countries.
Usually carried out by reducing (but not eliminating) tariffs.

·         free trading areas
When countries agree to trade freely within the FTA, but are able to trade with countries outside the FTA in whatever way they wish.
·         Custom unions
When countries agree to trade freely within the CU, and also agree to adopt common external barriers against any country attempting to import into the Customs Union.
All common markets and economic and monetary unions are also customs unions, thus the EU is customs union [plus a common market].
·         Common markets
Common markets are customs unions with common policies on product regulation & free movement of goods, services, capital and labor.
The best known example of a common market is the EU.
·         Economic and monetary union
An economic and monetary union is a common market with a common currency.
The best example of an economic and monetary union is the Eurozone, which includes EU member countries that have adopted the Euro as their currency.
·         Complete economic integration
This would be the final stage of economic integration
Individual countries involved would have no control of economic policy, full monetary union, and complete harmonization of fiscal policy.
This is what the Eurozone is moving toward.
Chart the advantages and disadvantages of a monetary union for its members
       Benefits in economic terms include:
§  greater size of market with the potential for larger export markets
§  increased competition leading to greater efficiency
§  more choice
§  lower prices for consumers
       Consequences are uneven
§  Some domestic producers will gain from a larger market while others may not be able to compete.

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